Vaccination-Preventable Diseases & the Vaccines Prevent Them
| Disease | Vaccine | Disease spread by | Disease symptoms | Disease complications |
| Chickenpox | Varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox. | Air, direct contact | Rash, tiredness, headache, fever | Infected blisters, bleeding disorders, encephalitis (brain swelling), pneumonia (infection in the lungs) |
| Diphtheria | DTaP* vaccine protects against diphtheria. | Air, direct contact | Sore throat, mild fever, weakness, swollen glands in neck | Swelling of the heart muscle, heart failure, coma, paralysis, death |
| Hib | Hib vaccine protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b. | Air, direct contact | May be no symptoms unless bacteria enter the blood | Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), intellectual disability, epiglottitis (life-threatening infection that can block the windpipe and lead to serious breathing problems), pneumonia (infection in the lungs), death |
| Hepatitis A | HepA vaccine protects against hepatitis A. | Direct contact, contaminated food or water | May be no symptoms, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, vomiting, jaundice
(yellowing of skin and eyes), dark urine |
Liver failure, arthralgia (joint pain), kidney, pancreatic, and blood disorders |
| Hepatitis B | HepB vaccine protects against hepatitis B. | Contact with blood or body fluids | May be no symptoms, fever, headache, weakness, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of
skin and eyes), joint pain |
Chronic liver infection, liver failure, liver cancer |
| Influenza (Flu) | Flu vaccine protects against influenza. | Air, direct contact | Fever, muscle pain, sore throat, cough, extreme fatigue | Pneumonia (infection in the lungs)
Encephalitis (brain swelling) |
| Japanese Encephalitis | JEV vaccine protects against Japanese encephalitis | Mosquito bites | May be no symptoms, high fever, headache, neck stiffness, impaired mental state, coma, tremors, convulsions & paralysis | Encephalitis (brain swelling), residual neurological/psychosocial/intellectual/ physical disability, death (20-30%) |
|
Measles |
MMR** vaccine protects against measles. | Air, direct contact | Rash, fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eye, white spots in mouth | Encephalitis (brain swelling), Convulsion, pneumonia (infection in the lungs), diarrhea, blindness, death |
| Meningococcal | MCV vaccine protects against meningococcal infections. | Air, direct contact | May be no symptoms, fever, headache, tiredness, muscle pain, weakness, vomiting,
Hemorrhagic rash, impaired consciousness |
Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), deafness, mental retardation, epilepsy(convulsion), other neurological disorders, death |
|
Mumps |
MMR** vaccine protects against mumps. | Air, direct contact | Swollen salivary glands (under the jaw), fever, headache, tiredness, muscle pain | Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord) , encephalitis (brain swelling), inflammation of testicles or ovaries, deafness |
| Pertussis | DTaP* vaccine protects against pertussis (whooping cough). | Air, direct contact | Severe cough, runny nose, apnea (a pause in breathing in infants) | Pneumonia (infection in the lungs), death |
| Polio | IPV vaccine protects against polio. | Air, direct contact, through the mouth | May be no symptoms, sore throat, fever, nausea, headache | Paralysis, death |
| Pneumococcal | PCV vaccine protects against pneumococcus. | Air, direct contact | May be no symptoms, fever, cough, sputum, weakness, headache | Bacteremia (blood infection), meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), death |
| Rabies | Rabies vaccine protects against rabies. | Exposure through cuts in skin | Fever, excessive saliva, violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, confusion, loss of consciousness | Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (brain swelling), death |
| Rotavirus | RV vaccine protects against rotavirus. | Through the mouth | Diarrhea, fever, vomiting | Diarrhoea, dehydration, death |
| Rubella | MMR** vaccine protects against rubella. | Air, direct contact | Children infected with rubella virus sometimes have a rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes | Very serious in pregnant women —can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, birth defects |
|
Tetanus |
DTaP* vaccine
protects against tetanus. |
Exposure through cuts in skin | Stiffness in neck and abdominal muscles, difficulty swallowing, muscle spasms, fever | Broken bones, breathing difficulty, death |
| Typhoid Fever | Typhoid vaccine protects against Salmonella Typhi. | Through the mouth | High fever, fatigue, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, rash | Serious gut bleeding, bacteraemia(blood infection), peritonitis(tummy infection), encephalitis(brain infection), pneumonia (lung infection), death |
* DTaP combines protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
** MMR combines protection against measles, mumps, and rubella.
Remarks:
- Infanrix-HEXA (6 in 1 vaccine) combines protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis B.
- Infanrix-IPV-Hib (5 in 1 vaccine) combines protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b
- MMRV combines protection against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox.